I. Axis definition and direction of movement
Z-axis
Direction: Parallel to the axis of the machine tool spindle, coincident with the axis of the workpiece rotation center.
Movement: The movement of the tool along the Z-axis is longitudinal feed (left and right movement), and the positive direction is the direction in which the tool moves away from the workpiece.
Function: Control the axial processing of the workpiece, such as external cylindrical turning, end face cutting, etc.
X-axis
Direction: Perpendicular to the Z-axis, located in the radial direction, parallel to the workpiece clamping surface.
Movement: The movement of the tool along the X-axis is lateral feed (front and back movement), and the positive direction is defined as the direction in which the tool moves away from the center of the workpiece.
Function: Control radial processing of the workpiece, such as grooving, cutting, and inner and outer diameter size control.
II. Coordinate system characteristics
Right-hand Cartesian rule: The two axes follow the principle of the right-hand rectangular coordinate system, the Z-axis is determined first, and the X-axis is then determined according to the clamping direction.
Workpiece static principle: The coordinate system assumes that the workpiece is fixed, and all movements describe the displacement of the tool relative to the workpiece.
Linkage processing: The linkage of X-Z axis can realize complex contour processing (such as cone surface, arc).
3. Application advantages
Precision guarantee: One clamping completes multiple process processing, reducing errors caused by repeated positioning.
Efficiency improvement: Automatic displacement control is realized through slide modules (such as Z-axis and X-axis linear slides), shortening the processing cycle.
Compensation technology: Combining sensors and CNC systems, linear axis errors (such as Z-axis straightness) can be dynamically measured and compensated.
